Development of an Express Analysis for Evaluating the Resistance of Soybean Genotypes to Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. and Ways to Limit its Spread
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj88.01.042Keywords:
Glycine max (L.) Merrill., phytopathogens, resistant variety, fusariosis, fungicides, biological preparations, pathogenicityAbstract
The Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. species complex (FSSC) dominates among phytopathogenic fungi in soil mycobiota and negatively affects seed germination in Ukrainian soils. Soybean is quite sensitive to the pathogenic effect of these fungi. F. solani infects seeds and seedlings in the soil and causes their non-germination, deformation, and root rot and necrosis of plants. This study aimed to develop an express analysis to determine soybean resistance during seed germination and to identify strategies to limit the spread of FSSC. Methods. The number of soil fungi was determined by the dilution method. F. solani was identified by cultural and morphological characteristics. The effectiveness of seed treatments was evaluated using an infection index and calculated via a standardized formula. Results. An express assay was developed to detect FSSC-resistant soybean genotypes. Out of the nine tested varieties, Niagara was identified as highly resistant. Testing Niagara across different soil samples showed infection rates ranging from 0% to 21.7%, with the lowest pathogen levels found in chornozems from the northeastern region. Two seed treatment schemes for Niagara were evaluated: 1 – Averkom®, a. s., Sporazin, a. s., and Ecovital, a. s.; 2 – Merivon® Pro, CS, Vitazyme, a. s., and Ecovital, a. s. These treatments increased seed germination and reduced seed damage by F. solani. Their efficiency was 71.8 and 85.5%, respectively. It was determined that isolates of F. solani from soybean are capable of infecting seeds of the following crops through the soil: peas, beans, and sunflowers. Conclusions. The developed express analysis is effective for detecting resistant genotypes to seed infection during the germination period to F. solani. The tested seed treatment schemes of resistant varieties are highly effective.
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