Screening for Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Producing Strains Among Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/Keywords:
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Bacillaceae family bacteria, Priestia endophytica, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus pseudomycoides, BioplasticAbstract
The environmental persistence and toxicity of conventional petroleum-based plastics represent a major global ecological challenge. Their accumulation in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems contributes to long-term pollution and threatens biodiversity. Biodegradable biopolymers, particularly polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), are considered sustainable alternatives due to their biocompatibility and complete biodegradability. Aim. This study aimed to identify and characterize polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing strains among aerobic spore-forming bacteria isolated from diverse ecological niches in Ukraine, Egypt, Ecuador, Turkey, and India. Methods. A total of 300 bacterial strains were isolated from soil, plant surfaces, and aquatic sediments. Screening for polyhydroxyalkanoate production was performed using Nile blue staining, light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Taxonomic identification was conducted based on whole-cell fatty acid composition profiling and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequence analysis. Results. Fifty-eight strains capable of synthesizing PHAs were identified. These isolates were assigned to the Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Priestia endophytica clade. The strains demonstrated variable levels of polymer accumulation. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed intracellular polymer granule formation and characteristic chemical signatures of PHA. Conclusions. The most productive PHA-synthesizing strains were recovered from biotopes under maximal multi-factorial stress, including the Chornobyl NPP cooling pond sediments and arid soils. These findings designate such environments as priority targets for future screening efforts aimed at the prospecting of high-yielding PHA producers.
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